新概念课程Lesson21讲解和译文

Lesson 21 William S. Hart and the early 'Western' film威廉.S. 哈特和早期限的‘西部’影片

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

How did William Hart's childhood prepare him for his acting role in Western films?

William S. hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns. From 1914 to 1924 he was supreme and unchallenged. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-bad man, the accidental-noble outlaw, or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip; in short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.

Unlike most of his contemporaries in Hollywood, Hart actually knew something of the old West. He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier. And although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.

Men accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen, and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos. Hart's good-bad man was always an outsider, always one of the disinherited, and if he found it necessary to shoot a sheriff or rob a bank along the way, his early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.

Audiences in the second decade of the twentieth century found it pleasant to escape to a time when life, though hard, was relatively simple. We still do; living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives, we all want a code to live by.

「参考译文」

威廉.S.哈特大概是美国西部电影明星中的佼佼者。他和加里.古柏、约翰.韦恩不同，他只在西部电影中扮演角色。在1914年至1924年期间，他首屈一指，独霸影坛。正是他创造了西部电影的基调，即在他自己的拍摄的影片中他所塑造的主人公形象：被认为是坏人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，诚实却遭陷害的牛仔或因流言蜚语蒙受嫌疑的司法官。总之，主人公是一个自相矛盾，又与他的拓荒环境相矛盾的人物。

哈特与大部分同时代在好莱坞的演员不同，他确实了解西部早期拓荒生活的一些情况。作为一个孩子他曾在西部生活过，当时西部拓荒生活正在消失。他塑造的英雄人物深深地扎根于他本人的记忆和经历之中，也扎根于有关已经消失的拓荒生活的历史和神话之中。虽然在美国历史上没有任何时期或地区像西部拓荒时期那样被荒谬地浪漫主义化了，但神话和事实至少在某一个舞台上共存，也就是存在于个人与渐渐闯入的文明这两者的冲突之中。

习惯与大自然和印第安人作斗争以求生存的拓荒者被政客、银行家和商人搞得晕头转向，最后被圈地、尖律我外来的清规戒律所击败。哈特扮演的被误为坏人的好人总是一个局外人，总是一个被剥夺继承权的人。如果他认为在进行过程中有必要枪击一个司法官或抢劫一个银行，他的早期观众很容易接受，觉得应该原谅他，特别是当哈特最后战胜了前来进攻的印第安人时，观众更能原谅他。

生活在20世纪20年代的观众认为，逃到一个即使艰苦但比较简朴的时代中去是件愉快的事，我们今天仍有这种感觉。如今，不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、诈骗、无政府状态以及即将临头的毁灭成了我们日常生活的一部分，我们都希望有一个赖以生存的行为准则。

eme adj.首屈一指

agonist n.主角

aw n.逃犯，亡命之徒

ed adj.遭到陷害的

ous adj.恶毒的

例句：The drunkard led a vicious life.

这个醉汉过着堕落的生活。

ology n.神话

shed adj.消失了的

rdly adv.荒诞地

例句：The paintings were sold for absurdly high prices.

那些画以高得出奇的价格售出。

a n.竞技场在

oaching adj.渐渐渗入的

例句：The sea is encroaching upon the land.

海水侵蚀着陆地。

an n.印第安人

lder v.使手足无措

例句：The big city bewildered the old woman from the countryside.

大城市把乡下来的老奶奶弄糊涂了。

n adj.外来的

例句：Orange trees are alien to China.

橘子树是从外国传入中国的。

o n.戒律

nherit v.剥夺...继承权

例句：John's father threatened to disinherit him if he married beneath himself.

约翰的父亲威胁约翰说，如果他同地位低的女子结婚，就要剥夺他的继承权。

clared adj.未经宣布的

crisy n.伪善

例句：Her remarks savour of hypocrisy.

她说的话听起来有点儿虚伪。

anery n.诈骗

nding adj.迫近的，近在眉睫的

例句：Against a background of impending famine, heavy fighting took place.

即将发生饥荒之时，严重的战乱爆发了。

lation n.杀戮

n.准则

iam S. hart was, perhaps, the greatest of all Western stars, for unlike Gary Cooper and John Wayne he appeared in nothing but Westerns.

nothing but除了…什么也不,只有,不外乎

She will eat nothing But salad.

她只吃沙拉。

Don't scold her; she's nothing but a child.

不要责骂她;她只不过是个孩子。

was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made, the good-had man, the accidental-noble outlaw, or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip.

it强调句型，详细请见语法部分。

short, the individual in conflict with himself and his frontier environment.

in short简而言之, 总之

例句：In short, we must be prepared.

总而言之, 我们要有准备。

in conflict with和...冲突

例句：It is a statement in conflict with other evidence.

这一陈述与其他证词不一致。

although no period or place in American history has been more absurdly romanticized, myth and reality did join hands in at least one arena, the conflict between the individual and encroaching civilization.

at least至少,起码,无论如何

例句：They can put up at least 6 people for the night at a pinch.

必要时他们至少可以留宿六个人。

no has been more用比较级表示最高级

early audiences found it easy to understand and forgive, especially when it was Hart who, in the end, overcame the attacking Indians.

in the end最后, 结果

例句：In the end their army was beaten.

最后他们的军队被打败了。

一、强调句型的用法

在英语中，我们常用It is／was… who/that结构来突出强调句子的某一成分(一般是句子中主语，宾语或状语)。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。

E.g. It is my mother who／that cooks every day.

E.g. It was yesterday that Tom passed in the maths exam.

二、使用本句型的几个注意事项

1.被强调成分是主语，who／that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。

e.g. It is I who am right.

e.g. It is he who is wrong.

e.g. It is the students who are lovely.

2.即使被强调成分是句子中的时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等，也不能用when，where, because，要用 that。

E.g. It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again .

E.g. It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed.

E.g. It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.

3.如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。

It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class.

4.被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格

It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday.

5.被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who

lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.

三、区分定语从句和强调句型某些定语从句和强调句型形式差不多，容易混淆。如果去掉it is／ was 句子仍然通顺成立，则为强调句型，不成立不通顺，则为定语从句。

E.g. It was three years ago that he went to American for a further study·去掉It was that句子为Three years ago he went to America for a further study.句子通顺，意思完整，那么，这就是一个强调句型。

was Hart who created the basic formula of the Western film,and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made,the good-bad man, the accidental-noble outlaw,or the honest-but-framed cowboy, or the sheriff made suspect by vicious gossip.

正是他创造了西部电影的基调，即在他自己的拍摄的影片中他所塑造的主人公形象：被认为是坏人的好人，出人意料的高尚的逃犯，诚实却遭陷害的牛仔或因流言蜚语蒙受嫌疑的司法官。

had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing,and his hero was firmly rooted in his memories and experiences,and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished frontier.

作为一个孩子他曾在西部生活过，当时西部拓荒生活正在消失。他塑造的英雄人物深深地扎根于他本人的记忆和经历之中，也扎根于有关已经消失的拓荒生活的历史和神话之中。

accustomed to struggling for survival against the elements and Indians were bewildered by politicians, bankers and businessmen,and unhorsed by fences, laws and alien taboos.

习惯与大自然和印第安人作斗争以求生存的拓荒者被政客、银行家和商人搞得晕头转向，最后被圈地、尖律我外来的清规戒律所击败。

4. living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war, hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy and impending immolation are part of our daily lives,e all want a code to live by.

如今，不宣而战的侵略、战争、虚伪、诈骗、无政府状态以及即将临头的毁灭成了我们日常生活的一部分，我们都希望有一个赖以生存的行为准则。